Comparative Analysis of E5–E15 Fuel Blends and 10–14 g CVT Roller Mass on the Power–Torque Curves of a 110 cc Automatic Motorcycle

Muhammad Vendy Hermawan, Deni Andriyansyah, Muhammad Ilyas Safarudin

Abstract


This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of low level ethanol blending and CVT roller mass variation on the power and torque characteristics of a 110 cc automatic motorcycle. Experiments were conducted using two Pertalite–ethanol fuel blends, E5 and E15, in combination with CVT roller masses ranging from 10 g to 14 g. Engine performance was evaluated using a dynotest, enabling direct measurement of the power–rpm and torque–rpm characteristics for each fuel–roller configuration. The results indicate that increasing the ethanol content from 5% to 15% leads to a consistent improvement in engine performance across the tested range. Compared with E5, the E15 blend produces higher peak power and torque while maintaining the performance peak within the mid range engine speed region that is favorable for CVT operation. Among the tested configurations, the combination of E15 fuel with an 11 g roller delivers the best overall performance, achieving a maximum power of 8.94 hp at approximately 7,200 rpm and a peak torque of 9.21 Nm at around 7,000 rpm. In contrast, heavier rollers tend to reduce peak torque and shift the effective power band toward higher engine speeds, which is less beneficial for daily riding conditions. These findings demonstrate the interaction between fuel blending and CVT roller mass in shaping the power–torque characteristics of automatic motorcycles and provide practical guidance for optimizing performance under everyday operating conditions.

Full Text:

PDF

References


R. E. Firdausah, N. Ilminnafik, and M. Asrofi, “Performance of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled by 40 % Biodiesel Blend with Excess Air System,” 2025, doi: 10.31284/j.jmesi.2025.v5i1.6917.

S. Arianto and Y. S. Rahayu, “Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems for Green Hydrogen Production in Industrial Settings,” pp. 1–14, 2025, doi: 10.31284/j.jmesi.2025.v5i2.7795.

P. Urip et al., “Performance Enhancement of Motorcycle Engines Using Lemongrass Oil-Based Fuel Additive,” 2025, doi: 10.31284/j.jmesi.2025.v5i2.7778.

B. S. Wibowo, F. I. P. Sari, Y. Setiawan, P. Prayitnoadi, and M. D. Adha1, “Analysis of the use bioethanol-pertalite mixtures in motorcycles on fuel consumption efficiency Analysis of the use bioethanol-pertalite mixtures in motorcycles on fuel consumption efficiency,” 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012049.

P. Iodice, A. Amoresano, G. Langella, I. Industriale, N. Federico, and V. Claudio, “A review on the effects of ethanol / gasoline fuel blends on NO X emissions in spark-ignition engines,” vol. 32, no. X, pp. 1465–1480, 2021, doi: 10.18331/BRJ2021.8.4.2.

T. D. Xuan, D. V. Minh, B. P. Hoa, and K. N. Duc, “Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on performance and emission characteristics of the test motorcycle engine,” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 895–904, 2022, doi: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2064003.

B. Paluri, “Combustion and performance characteristics of SI engine with bioethanol blended fuels,” no. March, pp. 24454–24464, 2022, doi: 10.1002/er.8759.

A. Rimkus and S. Pukalskas, “Impact of Bioethanol Concentration in Gasoline on SI Engine Sustainability,” 2024.

M. Waqas, N. Naser, M. Sarathy, K. Morganti, K. Al-Qurashi, and B. Johansson, “Blending Octane Number of Ethanol in HCCI, SI and CI Combustion Modes,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 659–682, Jan. 2016, [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/26273495.

R. Saravgi and C. Hanspal, “Effects of ethanol – gasoline blends on performance of SI engines,” no. 9, pp. 1–5, 2020.

Z. Zhao et al., “Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Comparative study on combustion and emission of ternary-fuel combined supply SI engine with oxyhydrogen / ethanol / gasoline by different injection modes of fuel,” Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 61, no. August, p. 105015, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105015.

L. Venancio et al., “Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Combustion and specific fuel consumption evaluation of a single- cylinder engine fueled with ethanol , gasoline , and a hydrogen-rich mixture,” Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 57, no. March, p. 104316, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104316.

U. U. Thorve, M. A. Quazi, A. H. Bari, and D. Kundu, “Evaluation of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and ethanol blends_ Impact on fuel properties and mathematical modeling,” Next Energy, vol. 7, no. December 2024, p. 100231, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100231.

L. Johansson, A. Martínez, and L. Johansson, “Computational and experimental evaluation of SI engine performance using bioethanol and gasoline fuel blends,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 33–37, 2025.

Suhartoyo, “PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ETANOL DI BAHAN BAKAR,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 45–52, 2024.

C. V. Tan, P. Van Hieu, and V. V. Thang, “Comparative Study on the Effects of Gasoline-Ethanol Blends for Performance and Emissions Characteristics In-Use Motorcycle SI Engine,” Springer Nat. Singapore, p. 557, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-1868-9_55.

C. S. Wibowo, N. I. Setiady, M. Masuku, and A. Hamzah, “The Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine using 92 RON Gasoline with Varying Blends of Bioethanol ( E40 , E50 , E60 ) Measured using a Dynamometer Test,” vol. 11, no. November, pp. 1380–1387, 2020, doi: 10.14716/ijtech.v11i7.4473.

F. Adian, B. Sugiarto, and C. S. Wibowo, “98 RON gasoline on motorcycle engine performance The Effect of 5 % Ethanol in 88 , 92 , and 98 RON Gasoline on Motorcycle Engine Performance,” vol. 020018, no. June, 2019.

M. Mara and M. Wirawan, “SFCE Analysis on 110 Cc Automatic Motorcycle with Roller Mass Variations on Continously Variable Transmission System,” vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 186–190, 2024.

R. A. Anugrah, “Analysis of CVT ( Continuously variable transmission ) and the infl uence of roller weight variations on the motorcycle,” vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 69–80, 2021.

M. Y. Setiawan, N. Hidayat, W. Purwanto, D. S. Putra, and A. Arif, “A Scientific Investigation into the Impact of CVT Roller Weight on Fuel Efficiency and Engine Performance in Motorcycles,” pp. 245–254, 2025.

A. G. Efendi and H. Kusbandono, “Comparison of Standard and Racing Roller Weight Variations on CVT on the Power and Torque of the Honda Beat 110cc,” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8–13, 2024.

D. J. M. dan Gas, “Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi Nomor 0486.K/10/DJM.S/2017 tentang Standar dan Mutu (Spesifikasi) Bahan Bakar Minyak Jenis Bensin 90 yang Dipasarkan di Dalam Negeri,” Jakarta, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.migas.esdm.go.id.

I. E. A. – A. M. F. (IEA‑AMF), “Fuel Properties of Ethanol,” Paris, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://iea-amf.org/content/fuel_information/ethanol/fuel_properties.

Y. Nie, Y. Chen, R. Zhang, and L. Chen, “Results in Engineering Research on the combustion characteristics of ethanol-blended fuel in high-altitude non-road diesel engine TCD ( turbocharger charge air cooling diesel particle filter ) combustion systems under multi-operating conditions,” Results Eng., vol. 29, no. September 2025, p. 108396, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108396.

R. Motwani, J. Gandolfo, B. Gainey, and B. Lawler, “Validation of a multidimensional CFD approach for ethanol-fueled spark ignition engines at knock-limited conditions,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 271, no. January, p. 126301, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126301.

S. Smolinski, H. Cai, and L. Tao, “Sustainable aviation fuel from ethanol : Techno-economic analysis and life cycle analysis ☆,” Appl. Energy, vol. 398, no. April 2024, p. 126373, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126373.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31284/j.jmesi.2026.v6i1.8716

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Published by:
Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Indonesia

Editorial Address
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Science, and Innovation is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0