Kajian Integrated Waste Management: Strategi Mitigasi Emisi Karbon dan Polusi Lingkungan

Darwis Baso

Abstract


Peningkatan timbulan sampah dan tekanan lingkungan perkotaan menyebabkan kontribusi signifikan terhadap emisi karbon dan berbagai bentuk polusi, sehingga diperlukan strategi pengelolaan yang lebih terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai mitigasi emisi karbon melalui penerapan Integrated Waste Management (IWM) dan teknologi Waste-to-Energy (WtE), serta mengevaluasi efektivitas IWM dalam mengurangi polusi lingkungan. Kajian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel peer-reviewed terbit tahun 2021-2025, yang dipilah berdasarkan kriteria inklusi-eksklusi untuk menjamin relevansi ilmiah dan metodologis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan IWM yang mencakup reduksi sumber, pemilahan, daur ulang, komposting, dan pemanfaatan residu melalui WtE mampu secara signifikan menurunkan emisi karbon. Mekanisme mitigasi ini terjadi melalui minimisasi pembuangan ke TPA optimalisasi pemulihan material, dan substitusi energi fosil melalui konversi residu non-daur ulang menjadi energi rendah karbon. Selain itu, efektivitas IWM terbukti dalam mengurangi polusi udara, lindi, dan pencemar sekunder dengan menekan pembakaran terbuka serta pembuangan residu tidak terolah. Integrasi IWM-WtE, termasuk penerapan teknologi seperti gasifikasi, pyrolysis berbasis biochar, dan insinerasi dengan carbon capture, memperkuat potensi mitigasi dan pengendalian polusi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa sinergi IWM dan WtE merupakan strategi holistik yang mampu secara simultan menekan emisi karbon dan polusi lingkungan. Sehingga menjadi pendekatan penting dalam mewujudkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang rendah emisi dan berkelanjutan.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31284/j.envitats.2026.v6i1.8451

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